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paddle.nn / functional / hsigmoid_loss
hsigmoid_loss¶
-
paddle.nn.functional.
hsigmoid_loss
( input, label, num_classes, weight, bias=None, path_table=None, path_code=None, is_sparse=False, name=None ) [源代码] ¶
层次sigmoid(hierarchical sigmoid),该OP通过构建一个分类二叉树来降低计算复杂度,主要用于加速语言模型的训练过程。
该OP建立的二叉树中每个叶节点表示一个类别(单词),每个非叶子节点代表一个二类别分类器(sigmoid)。对于每个类别(单词),都有一个从根节点到它的唯一路径,hsigmoid累加这条路径上每个非叶子节点的损失得到总损失。
相较于传统softmax的计算复杂度 \(O(N)\) ,hsigmoid可以将计算复杂度降至 \(O(logN)\) ,其中 \(N\) 表示类别总数(字典大小)。
若使用默认树结构,请参考 Hierarchical Probabilistic Neural Network Language Model 。
若使用自定义树结构,请将参数 is_custom
设置为True,并完成以下步骤(以语言模型为例):
使用自定义词典来建立二叉树,每个叶结点都应该是词典中的单词;
建立一个dict类型数据结构,用于存储 单词id -> 该单词叶结点至根节点路径 的映射,即路径表
path_table
参数;建立一个dict类型数据结构,用于存储 单词id -> 该单词叶结点至根节点路径的编码 的映射,即路径编码
path_code
参数。 编码是指每次二分类的标签,1为真,0为假;每个单词都已经有自己的路径和路径编码,当对于同一批输入进行操作时,可以同时传入一批路径和路径编码进行运算。
参数¶
input (Tensor) - 输入Tensor。数据类型为float32或float64,形状为
[N, D]
,其中N
为minibatch的大小,D
为特征大小。label (Tensor) - 训练数据的标签。数据类型为int64,形状为
[N, 1]
。num_classes (int) - 类别总数(字典大小)必须大于等于2。若使用默认树结构,即当
path_table
和path_code
都为None时 ,必须设置该参数。若使用自定义树结构,即当path_table
和path_code
都不为None时,它取值应为自定义树结构的非叶节点的个数,用于指定二分类的类别总数。weight (Tensor) - 该OP的权重参数。形状为
[numclasses-1, D]
,数据类型和input
相同。bias (Tensor, 可选) - 该OP的偏置参数。形状为
[numclasses-1, 1]
,数据类型和input
相同。如果设置为None,将没有偏置参数。默认值为None。path_table (Tensor,可选) – 存储每一批样本从类别(单词)到根节点的路径,按照从叶至根方向存储。 数据类型为int64,形状为
[N, L]
,其中L为路径长度。path_table
和path_code
应具有相同的形状, 对于每个样本i,path_table[i]为一个类似np.ndarray的结构,该数组内的每个元素都是其双亲结点权重矩阵的索引。默认值为None。path_code (Tensor,可选) – 存储每一批样本从类别(单词)到根节点的路径编码,按从叶至根方向存储。数据类型为int64,形状为
[N, L]
。默认值为None。is_sparse (bool,可选) – 是否使用稀疏更新方式。如果设置为True,W的梯度和输入梯度将会变得稀疏。默认值为False。
name (str,可选) – 具体用法请参见 Name ,一般无需设置,默认值为None。
返回¶
Tensor,层次sigmoid计算后的结果,形状为[N, 1],数据类型和
input
一致。
代码示例¶
import paddle
import paddle.nn.functional as F
paddle.set_device('cpu')
input = paddle.uniform([2, 3])
# [[-0.8018668 0.8736385 -0.9064771 ] # random
# [-0.10228515 -0.87188244 -0.8783718 ]] # random
label = paddle.to_tensor([0, 1, 4, 5])
num_classes = 5
weight=paddle.uniform([num_classes-1, 3])
# [[-0.24148715 0.8449961 -0.7399121 ] # random
# [-0.9800559 0.43509364 0.9091208 ] # random
# [ 0.60194826 0.10430074 -0.4521166 ] # random
# [-0.4469818 -0.01536179 -0.604454 ]] # random
out=F.hsigmoid_loss(input, label, num_classes, weight)
# [[3.0159328]
# [2.2407534]]
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